Commercialised in 1956, the container’s simplicity and modularity has made it the preferred means for transport of many goods from one place to another. Namely, containers transport 23% of dry seaborne trade tons and close to 100% of everyday goods like televisions, toys, and clothing.
Consumers have benefited as the real cost of transporting goods has fallen, but the success of the container has not always guaranteed the financial success of the industry behind it. Returns for the average container liner operator, container terminal operator, or freight forwarder have lagged the cost of capital over the last twenty years, with only a few players managing to find a sustainable recipe for value creation.
In this joint research project between TT Club and McKinsey & Company, there were some points of broad agreement about the next 25 years, such as:
- The physical aspects of the industry (containers, terminals, ships) are unlikely to change;
- Trade flows will become more balanced between and across regions;
- Automation will be broadly adopted;
- Digital, data, and analytics will fundamentally shift the sources of value creation; and the industry-leading players of 2043 may well look very different from today’s leading companies (though they may be the same or similar companies).
In the meantime time, meaningful questions were raised about:
- The future of trade growth - e.g., globalisation and trade policy, Asian industrialisation, the geography of manufacturing with robotics and 3D printing, containerisation trends, and evolving consumer habits
- What the real sources of value creation might be going forward - e.g., scale, flexibility, consolidation and integration, productivity, more predictable supply chains, environmental performance
- Who 'wins' - e.g., how can today’s industry leaders evolve to capture the opportunities, will players become more vertically integrated, or will “digital natives” including start-ups and/or e-commerce firms reshape the industry.
In addition as there is lack of foreknowledge, the report says that we can only imagine possible futures and what implications they may have. Under this aspect, the project derscribes four possible futures:
- Digital disruption is a world in which the current industry is disrupted by new players who leverage digital, data, and analytics to optimise the end-to-end value chain;
- Digital reinvention envisages that the current industry digitises aggressively and provides new value-adding services to its customers;
- Third wave of globalisation assumes other economies, like India and Africa, realise their manufacturing and export potential, while digital reduces friction in global supply chains and spurs continued trade growth;
- 'Peak container' and consolidation imagines a future in which trade wars, geopolitical tensions, and “near-shoring” result in the peaking and absolute decline in international trade, forcing players to further consolidate.
Preparing for such various results would be taxing for even the most agile and foresighted of companies. Nonetheless, there are some 'no regret' moves that industry actors could adopt to ensure flexibility in the future. These include paying more attention to the dynamics around the end-consumer, especially with e-commerce disrupting retail and lastmile logistics, building organisational discipline around monitoring the 'trigger points' behind different futures, and digitising and automating quickly.
You can see more information in the PDF herebelow
