In recent years, the maritime industry has observed a concerning rise in cardiovascular disease (CVD) cases among seafarers, according to the West P&I Club.
Incidents such as heart attacks and cardiac arrests are becoming alarmingly common, underscoring the critical need to prioritize heart health for those working at sea.
Understanding cardiovascular emergencies
Cardiovascular disease can manifest in life-threatening events such as heart attacks and cardiac arrests, both of which demand swift recognition and action. A heart attack occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, often leaving the individual conscious but in severe distress.
Symptoms include chest pain, pain radiating to other parts of the body, shortness of breath, excessive sweating, nausea, dizziness, and a feeling of impending doom. If untreated, a heart attack can escalate to a cardiac arrest, where the heart suddenly stops pumping blood due to an arrhythmia or electrical malfunction. Unlike heart attacks, cardiac arrests strike without warning, rendering the individual unconscious, unresponsive, and unable to breathe normally.
The rising tide of CVD
Globally, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death, with the World Health Organization (WHO) identifying it as a primary health challenge. In the UK alone, heart attacks result in 100,000 hospital admissions annually, equivalent to one every five minutes. Approximately 7.6 million people in the UK live with heart or circulatory diseases, highlighting the widespread impact of CVD.
For seafarers, the unique challenges of life at sea—including limited access to medical care, long working hours, stress, and inconsistent dietary options—further exacerbate the risk. The West P&I Club’s findings emphasize the need for proactive measures to mitigate these risks.
Steps to reduce CVD risk
The good news is that the majority of cardiovascular diseases are preventable through lifestyle changes and early intervention. Here are key strategies for seafarers to maintain heart health:
- Adopt a healthy diet: A balanced diet rich in vegetables, fruits, lean proteins, and whole grains can significantly reduce CVD risk. Limiting foods high in sugar, salt, and saturated fats is equally important, as these can contribute to high blood pressure, diabetes, and elevated cholesterol levels.
- Exercise regularly: Physical activity is vital for heart health. Aim for 150 minutes of moderate exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise weekly, supplemented by muscle-strengthening activities. Reducing sedentary time is crucial, particularly for those in roles that involve prolonged sitting.
- Quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption: Smoking is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease, while excessive alcohol intake can elevate blood pressure and damage the heart. Keeping alcohol consumption below 14 units per week is recommended.
- Manage stress: The high-pressure environment aboard ships can lead to chronic stress, a significant contributor to heart disease. Techniques such as mindfulness, meditation, and adequate rest can help manage stress levels.
- Monitor health metrics: Regularly check blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood sugar to identify and address potential issues early. Pre-Employment Medical Examinations (PEMEs) play a crucial role in detecting underlying conditions before they become critical.
The role of education and equipment
Raising awareness about heart health and equipping vessels with life-saving devices are vital components of reducing CVD-related fatalities. In a recent webinar hosted by the Seafarers Hospital Society (SHS), experts highlighted the importance of Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs). These portable devices deliver a life-saving shock to restart the heart during a cardiac arrest, drastically improving survival rates. Martin Fagan of the Community Heartbeat Trust stressed that AEDs are compact, low-maintenance, and indispensable for emergencies.
Dr. Charlotte Mendes da Costa and Rich Beecroft also addressed lifestyle changes that can improve heart health, emphasizing the need for better nutritional choices and regular physical activity. According to Beecroft, being mindful of fat, sugar, and salt intake is critical, as these substances can elevate the risk of CVD.
Taking action at sea
Seafarers can take several steps to protect themselves against CVD. Understanding the early warning signs of a heart attack and seeking prompt medical advice can make the difference between life and death.
Additionally, fostering a culture of health aboard ships—from serving nutritious meals to promoting regular exercise—can create a supportive environment for heart health.
In conclusion, while cardiovascular disease poses a significant threat to the maritime workforce, it is largely preventable. By adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle, being vigilant about symptoms, and ensuring access to critical medical equipment like AEDs, seafarers can safeguard their health and well-being while navigating the high seas.
