A new study by Sphera, commissioned by The Society for Gas as a Marine Fuel (SGMF), presents a thorough examination of ammonia as an alternative marine fuel.
As explained, this study analyses the life cycle GHG emissions of the use of Ammonia (NH3) as marine fuel, based on current primary data (measured, estimated, or targeted) compared with conventional fuels (HFO and MGO). It also analyses different ammonia supply chains (green, blue and grey), considers different ship engine technologies, and investigates three scenarios (min., base and max. emission case).
As presented in the 1st Life Cycle GHG Emission Study on the Use of Ammonia as Marine Fuel report, key considerations regarding the adoption of ammonia include:
#1 GHG benefits and production pathways
The use of Ammonia as marine fuel in current marine engines shows potential GHG reductions over the entire life cycle from Well-to-Wake (WtW), Sphera explains. The benefit depends largely on the production pathway of the Ammonia and the specific conditions along the supply chain (carbon intensity of used electricity, natural gas if used, transport distance, and where applicable the carbon capture rate).
According to Sphera, within NECA (Tier III NOX-limit) the use of Ammonia fuelled ships can reduce GHG emissions by up to 61 % in the base case compared with ships operating on MGO.
#2 Technological advancements and potential
Advancements in ammonia production and engine technologies could further enhance its environmental advantages. Initiatives like dedicated production plants and engine improvements hold promise for maximizing the benefits of ammonia as a marine fuel.
#3 Safety considerations
Given ammonia’s toxic nature, ensuring safety in its handling, both onboard ships and during bunkering operations, is crucial. While existing infrastructure for ammonia transport and storage exists, additional safety measures tailored to marine applications are necessary.
#4 Air quality improvement and GHG reduction
In addition to reducing GHG emissions, the study underscores ammonia’s role in improving air quality, especially in port and coastal areas. By significantly decreasing pollutants like sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, ammonia can help meet International Maritime Organization (IMO) GHG reduction targets and contribute to global emission reduction goals by 2040.
We are confident this work will provide IMO with solid information contributing to its regulatory decisions. SGMF will continue to provide up-to-date data now including ammonia (this study), methanol and hydrogen.
… said Mark Bell, General Manager, SGMF
