New ships built in 2013 were on average 10% less fuel efficient than those built in 1990, according to a new study commissioned by Seas At Risk and Transport and Environment.
The study shows that container ships built 30 years ago already, on average, beat the so-called ‘Energy Efficiency Design Index’ standard that the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) has set for new ships built in 2020. The standard is up for review next month.
This first ever study of the historical development of the design efficiency of new ships, commissioned by Seas At Risk and Transport & Environment, finds that bulk carriers, tankers, and container ships built in 2013 were on average 12, 8 and 8% less fuel efficient than those built in 1990, a quarter of a century ago.
The findings contradict claims that shipping has been constantly improving its environmental performance. They also demonstrate that market forces by themselves don’t result in more fuel efficient ships being built. Oil prices in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the time when new ships were historically most fuel efficient, were around a quarter of the levels seen in the 2008-2013 period (ca $25 vs $100 per barrel, in today’s prices).
Factors affecting ship efficiency
Depending on the ship type or size, this study shows that ship design efficiency improved in the decade of the 1980s by 22% to 28%. This trend seems to have been purely market driven, principally by a combination of sharply increasing oil prices and constant or low freight rates.
Looking more deeply at the factors that contributed to improvements in the 1980s shows that in some, but not all cases, efficiency improvements were brought about by reductions in design speed. In other cases, the size of the ships has increased. However, these two developments cannot fully explain the improvements. In many cases, the evidence points to improvements in hull design and propulsion efficiency as having contributed significantly to efficiency improvements. Likewise, the deterioration after the 1990s appears to be due, at least in part, to designs in which cargo capacity or capital costs were given more importance than fuel efficiency. This is a potentially important finding given current lower oil prices.
John Maggs, policy advisor at Seas At Risk and president of the Clean Shipping Coalition, said:
“Now we know that we cannot rely on rising fuel prices, other market forces or the good intentions of industry to solve shipping’s climate problem. Instead we need a clear and ambitious target for reducing ship greenhouse gas emissions and legally binding measures to get us there.”
The IMO will review the stringency levels of its Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) – the efficiency standards for new ships – during a meeting of its Marine Environmental Protection Committee (MEPC) in London next month.
Bill Hemmings, clean shipping manager at Transport & Environment, said:
“The truth is out! Aircraft and cars have become more fuel efficient, but despite a generation of technological improvements, ships have largely gone backwards for most of the past 25 years. The IMO’s design efficiency standard for new ships itself needs a redesign and strengthening if the standard is not supposed to merely bring us back to levels achieved 25 years ago.”
[toggle title=”Downloads” state=”close” ]Study: Historical trends in ship design efficiency
Briefing: Historical trends in ship design efficiency
Infographic: Fuel consumption changes 1990 – 2013[/toggle]
You may read the study by clicking on the image below:
Source and Image Credit: Seas At Risk
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