Dryad Global has published its latest analysis, offering insights into the emerging risks and opportunities that will define the maritime industry in 2025, including cyber security considerations.
As explained in the “Maritime Trends for 2025: Navigating Security Challenges and Geopolitical Shifts” report, the maritime industry in 2025 faces an increasingly complex and dynamic cybersecurity landscape. As digital systems, automation, and global connectivity deepen across vessels and port facilities, the risks posed by cyber threats have never been more significant. Dryad Global forecasts that mitigating these threats will require robust defences, proactive intelligence, and comprehensive industry expertise to ensure resilience and operational continuity.
Emerging cyber threats
Cybercriminals are leveraging advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs), to conduct more adaptive and precise attacks. These innovations allow the creation of sophisticated zero-day exploits and phishing campaigns that evade traditional detection methods. Ransomware remains a dominant threat but is evolving into more targeted attacks aimed at crippling critical systems in vessels and ports. Supply chain attacks are also becoming a significant concern, as interconnected maritime operations present multiple points of vulnerability.
Operational technology (OT) vulnerabilities
OT systems, which govern essential shipboard functions such as navigation, propulsion, and cargo handling, remain a major focus for attackers. Many of these systems rely on outdated software and lack modern cybersecurity measures, making them highly susceptible to breaches. Additionally, the growing interconnectivity of IT and OT systems introduces cascading risks, where a single breach can disrupt both operational and digital environments. Direct attacks on OT systems could result in vessel immobilisation, navigational failures, or safety incidents, making the security of these systems a top priority.
State-sponsored cyber operations
Geopolitical tensions are driving a surge in state-sponsored cyber operations targeting maritime infrastructure. These attacks often focus on disrupting global trade, destabilising economies, or asserting dominance in contested regions such as the South China Sea and the Arctic. Hybrid warfare tactics, where cyber campaigns precede or accompany physical confrontations, are expected to rise, posing complex risks to maritime stakeholders.
Autonomous systems and automation risks
The adoption of autonomous vessels and automated port operations introduces new vulnerabilities. Cyber attackers may exploit unsecured software, communication systems, or autonomous drones to disrupt operations or gain control over critical systems. Securing these emerging technologies is essential to maintaining the safety and efficiency of future maritime operations.
Regulatory and compliance challenges
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) and other regulatory bodies are tightening cybersecurity requirements to address the growing threat landscape. However, compliance remains a challenge for many operators, particularly smaller entities with limited resources. Gaps in implementation may leave organisations exposed, underscoring the need for tailored solutions and expert guidance to navigate these requirements effectively.
In 2025, the maritime industry will contend with unprecedented cybersecurity challenges, from AI-driven attacks and OT vulnerabilities to geopolitical cyber conflicts. Maritime operators must adopt proactive measures and invest in comprehensive cybersecurity strategies to remain resilient in this volatile landscape. Dryad Global invites operators to take the first step by conducting a cybersecurity survey and consulting with our experts for a tailored risk assessment. With the right partner, maritime entities can safeguard operations, meet regulatory demands, and stay ahead of adversaries in an increasingly interconnected world.
