Subscribe to our Mailing Lists (It's free!)
Thursday, July 10, 2025
SAFETY4SEA
  • Home
  • Safety
    • All
    • Accidents
    • Alerts
    • Loss Prevention
    • Maritime Health
    • Regulation
    • Safety
    • Seafarers
    • Security
    IMO piracy

    IMO Piracy Report: Twenty five incidents during May 2025

    Dryad Global

    Dryad Global: Geopolitical tensions continue to shape maritime landscape

    ireland drug seizure

    Ireland’s largest drug smuggling plot leads to eight men in jail

    limpet mines tankers

    Greek tanker fleet boosts security amid limpet mine fears

  • SEAFiT
    • All
    • Intellectual
    • Mental
    • Physical
    • Social
    • Spiritual
    friendship

    Exploring the human need for friendship: A lifeline at sea and on shore

    neck pain

    Neck pain: A growing health concern for maritime workers

    Book Review: Building leaders the MMMA way

    Book Review: Feel grounded and think positive in 10 simple steps

    time

    Stay SEAFiT: Time is non-renewable – invest it wisely

  • Green
    • All
    • Arctic
    • Ballast
    • Emissions
    • Fuels
    • Green Shipping
    • Pollution
    • Ship Recycling
    • Technology
    BIMCO FuelEU Maritime Regulation

    EU issues low-carbon hydrogen fuel standards

    clean air act

    California updates ballast rules for water from low salinity areas

    biofuels

    India’s DGS issues biofuel bunkering guidelines

    biofuel

    Companies sign deal to advance crude lignin oil biofuel

  • Smart
    • All
    • Connectivity
    • Cyber Security
    • E-navigation
    • Energy Efficiency
    • Maritime Software
    • Smart
    Trafigura, ZeroNorth join forces to advance decarbonization solutions

    Trafigura, ZeroNorth join forces to advance decarbonization solutions

    floating data centres

    New partnership to develop floating data center on retrofitted vessel

    connectivity

    Innovating ocean safety: Intellian’s unified vision for connectivity and GMDSS

    autonomous navigation

    New deal aims to advance autonomous navigation technology

  • Risk
    • All
    • CIC
    • Detentions
    • Fines
    • PSC Focus
    • Vetting
    AMSA fine

    NorthStandard: Tips to avoid pollution fines in Turkey

    OCIMF

    OCIMF Annual Report 2025: SIRE 2.0 a welcome change for the industry

    USCG

    ABS PSC Report Q1 2025: 526 total vessels detained

    paris mou lists

    Paris MoU 2024 Performance lists

  • Others
    • All
    • Diversity in shipping
    • Maritime Knowledge
    • Offshore
    • Ports
    • Shipping
    • Sustainability
    • Videos
    Panama Canal

    Panama Canal reports increase in transits despite dry season

    UNCTAD

    UNCTAD: Global trade endures policy changes and uncertainty

    Eternity C

    Watch: Eternity C sinks in the Red Sea following Houthi attack

    newbuildings xclusiv shipbrokers

    Xclusiv Shipbrokers: Newbuilding momentum slows sharply in 2025

  • Columns
    Career Paths: Syb ten Cate Hoedemaker, Maritime Battery Forum

    Career Paths: Syb ten Cate Hoedemaker, Maritime Battery Forum

    GSR Services: The Hong Kong Convention sets the rules for total ship lifecycle responsibility

    NorthStandard: Data sharing to drive technology and improve crew wellbeing

    GSR Services: The Hong Kong Convention sets the rules for total ship lifecycle responsibility

    GSR Services: The Hong Kong Convention sets the rules for total ship lifecycle responsibility

    Trending Tags

    • Anchor Your Health
    • Book Review
    • Career Paths
    • Human Performance
    • Industry Voices
    • Interviews
    • Maripedia
    • Maritime History
    • Regulatory Update
    • Resilience
    • Seafarers Stories
    • SeaSense
    • Training & Development
    • Wellness Corner
    • Wellness Tips
  • Events
  • Plus
No Result
View All Result
  • Home
  • Safety
    • All
    • Accidents
    • Alerts
    • Loss Prevention
    • Maritime Health
    • Regulation
    • Safety
    • Seafarers
    • Security
    IMO piracy

    IMO Piracy Report: Twenty five incidents during May 2025

    Dryad Global

    Dryad Global: Geopolitical tensions continue to shape maritime landscape

    ireland drug seizure

    Ireland’s largest drug smuggling plot leads to eight men in jail

    limpet mines tankers

    Greek tanker fleet boosts security amid limpet mine fears

  • SEAFiT
    • All
    • Intellectual
    • Mental
    • Physical
    • Social
    • Spiritual
    friendship

    Exploring the human need for friendship: A lifeline at sea and on shore

    neck pain

    Neck pain: A growing health concern for maritime workers

    Book Review: Building leaders the MMMA way

    Book Review: Feel grounded and think positive in 10 simple steps

    time

    Stay SEAFiT: Time is non-renewable – invest it wisely

  • Green
    • All
    • Arctic
    • Ballast
    • Emissions
    • Fuels
    • Green Shipping
    • Pollution
    • Ship Recycling
    • Technology
    BIMCO FuelEU Maritime Regulation

    EU issues low-carbon hydrogen fuel standards

    clean air act

    California updates ballast rules for water from low salinity areas

    biofuels

    India’s DGS issues biofuel bunkering guidelines

    biofuel

    Companies sign deal to advance crude lignin oil biofuel

  • Smart
    • All
    • Connectivity
    • Cyber Security
    • E-navigation
    • Energy Efficiency
    • Maritime Software
    • Smart
    Trafigura, ZeroNorth join forces to advance decarbonization solutions

    Trafigura, ZeroNorth join forces to advance decarbonization solutions

    floating data centres

    New partnership to develop floating data center on retrofitted vessel

    connectivity

    Innovating ocean safety: Intellian’s unified vision for connectivity and GMDSS

    autonomous navigation

    New deal aims to advance autonomous navigation technology

  • Risk
    • All
    • CIC
    • Detentions
    • Fines
    • PSC Focus
    • Vetting
    AMSA fine

    NorthStandard: Tips to avoid pollution fines in Turkey

    OCIMF

    OCIMF Annual Report 2025: SIRE 2.0 a welcome change for the industry

    USCG

    ABS PSC Report Q1 2025: 526 total vessels detained

    paris mou lists

    Paris MoU 2024 Performance lists

  • Others
    • All
    • Diversity in shipping
    • Maritime Knowledge
    • Offshore
    • Ports
    • Shipping
    • Sustainability
    • Videos
    Panama Canal

    Panama Canal reports increase in transits despite dry season

    UNCTAD

    UNCTAD: Global trade endures policy changes and uncertainty

    Eternity C

    Watch: Eternity C sinks in the Red Sea following Houthi attack

    newbuildings xclusiv shipbrokers

    Xclusiv Shipbrokers: Newbuilding momentum slows sharply in 2025

  • Columns
    Career Paths: Syb ten Cate Hoedemaker, Maritime Battery Forum

    Career Paths: Syb ten Cate Hoedemaker, Maritime Battery Forum

    GSR Services: The Hong Kong Convention sets the rules for total ship lifecycle responsibility

    NorthStandard: Data sharing to drive technology and improve crew wellbeing

    GSR Services: The Hong Kong Convention sets the rules for total ship lifecycle responsibility

    GSR Services: The Hong Kong Convention sets the rules for total ship lifecycle responsibility

    Trending Tags

    • Anchor Your Health
    • Book Review
    • Career Paths
    • Human Performance
    • Industry Voices
    • Interviews
    • Maripedia
    • Maritime History
    • Regulatory Update
    • Resilience
    • Seafarers Stories
    • SeaSense
    • Training & Development
    • Wellness Corner
    • Wellness Tips
  • Events
  • Plus
No Result
View All Result
SAFETY4SEA

Human Factors and Human Performance: What’s the difference

by The Editorial Team
July 4, 2022
in Maritime Knowledge
Human Factors and Human Performance: What’s the difference
FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedin

The human element is a topic widely discussed in shipping and every other industry where health and safety are a concern and incidents are a sad reality of everyday operations.

Trying to highlight the root causes behind maritime incidents, terms like “human performance” and “human factors” have become increasingly common in recent years, the one often used as a replacement for the other. What do these terms refer to?

When referring to “human error”, it is often assumed that incidents are attributed to human involvement. According to EMSA, 89.5% of all maritime occurrences from 2014 to 2020 were related to human action. This gives the impression that people cause incidents, leading us to forget that most decisions and, therefore mistakes, are often themselves the result of the way the whole workplace is set up -from working patterns to the ways that control is ensured and from the ways in which people interact to the ways in which leaders influence the whole culture in an organization.

At the same time, most human factor studies focus on human performance ‘at work’. However, the particularity of the maritime context is that the working environment and the living environment are the same for seafarers. In the seafaring world, people work and sleep, stress and relax, eat and recreate, all of these on a ship and usually for a long period. Amid the unique shipping environment, what do human factors and human performance refer to?

What do “human factors” mean?

The World health organization defines human factors (also known as “Ergonomics”) as the “environmental, organizational and job factors, and human and individual characteristics which influence behavior at work in a way which can affect health and safety.” This means that the scope of human factors is shaped by three interrelated aspects which cannot be examined separately:

  • The job: Τhis relates to the nature of the tasks required, the workload, the working environment, and the procedures. An example is the everyday routine of the seafarer onboard the ship.
  • The individual: This includes the seafarers’ competence, skills, personality, attitude, and risk perception, which influence their behavior in complex ways. Characteristics related to personality are fixed, while others, such as hard and soft skills, can be worked on and improved.
  • The organization: This includes work patterns, safety culture, internal communications, leadership, and so on. In a complex industry like shipping, the culture of a firm can have a major influence on shaped work behaviors, affecting not only ship efficiency but also ship health and safety.

Examples of human factors in shipping

The UK MCA has identified 12 most common human factors -under the name “Deadly Dozen”- which can affect maritime safety. These twelve elements influence people to make mistakes:

  1. Situational Awareness: Do you REALLY know what is happening?
  2. Alerting: Do you really speak up when you should?
  3. Communication: Do you really understand everyone?
  4. Complacency: Is everything really OK?
  5. Culture: Do you really have a good safety culture?
  6. Local Practices: Efficiency or dangerous shortcut?
  7. Teamwork: How well do you really work together?
  8. Capability: Is your team really capable?
  9. Pressure: Just busy or dangerously overloaded?
  10. Distractions: Multi-tasking or dangerously distracted?
  11. Fatigue: Just tired or dangerously fatigued?
  12. Fit for Duty: Are you really fit to work?

What is human performance?

Human performance is a series of behaviors executed to accomplish specific results. Performance is typically the outcome of results (what people do) plus behavior (how they do what they do). For instance, why do some people always wear their personnel protective equipment without exception, whereas others will only wear it if they are afraid that they are going to get caught?

Human Performance specialists emphasize more on behaviors, such as leadership and teamwork. The primary methods of intervention for Human Performance are primarily training, coaching, awareness-raising, and behavior change methods that tend not to be design-led.

The aim of Human Performance is to reduce errors and manage controls. Having “correct” procedures in place does not necessarily mean that people will always follow them without making errors. This is where the role of the safety programs lies: To acknowledge that people make errors, understand why they do them in order to reduce or eliminate future errors, and, eventually, protect workers from their own errors.

Human factors VS Human performance

Human factors

Human performance

Discipline

Interdisciplinary

Profession (aka “Ergonomist”)

Not a specialized profession

Design focus

Behavioral focus

Focus on system performance

Focus on individual performance

Emerged from many disciplines

Used mostly in psychology, physiology and industrial applications

It becomes evident that Human Performance represents the human contribution to system performance and refers to how people perform their work, while Human Factors inform how human performance is supported. The primary focus of human performance is to study tools that can be provided to reduce the error and the resulting implications of errors. Human Factors is wider, including interactions among humans and other elements of a system. From this perspective, it could be said that human factors and human performance are complementary to each other.

Overall, understanding both terms is critical for incident investigation. While there is no way to eliminate all dangers in a workplace, proper education can make a big difference in mitigating risk. Safety training is a starting point for most organizations. And “if you think safety is expensive, try an accident”.

In case you missed it…

OCIMF 8 principles on human factors

  1. People will make mistakes
  2. People’s actions are rarely malicious and usually make sense to them at the time.
  3. Mistakes are typically due to conditions and systems that make work difficult.
  4. Understanding the conditions in which mistakes happen helps us prevent or correct them.
  5. People know the most about their work and are key to any solution.
  6. Plan, tools and activities can be designed to reduce mistakes and manage risk better.
  7. Leaders contribute in shaping conditions that influence what people do.
  8. It matters how leaders respond when things go wrong and take opportunity to learn.

 

Human Factors and Human Performance: What’s the differenceHuman Factors and Human Performance: What’s the difference
Human Factors and Human Performance: What’s the differenceHuman Factors and Human Performance: What’s the difference

RelatedNews

ABS develops EV battery fire simulation modeling to tackle risks

DNV: Strong culture and collaboration – vital ingredients for a safe and green maritime transformation

Tags: better working environmenthuman factorsafety culture
Previous Post

Jordan fires port officials after deathly chlorine gas leak

Next Post

ECSA welcomes EU’s position on ETS ‘polluter pays’ principle

Related News

speaking up culture
Maritime Knowledge

Addressing crew shortage: Zero tolerance and clear consequences for unacceptable behaviour

June 30, 2025
ship recycling
Ship Recycling

ILO asks for suggestions to improve ship recycling in Pakistan

June 30, 2025
human factor organizational safety
Opinions

Cracking the safety code: Why human factors matter

June 27, 2025
GMF launches final Diversity@Sea report on Day of the Seafarer
Diversity in shipping

GMF launches final Diversity@Sea report on Day of the Seafarer

June 25, 2025
harassment-free ships
Seafarers

Industry Voices: Navigating toward safer, harassment-free ships

June 25, 2025
Day of the Seafarer 2025
Seafarers

IMO Sec-Gen: No one should feel alone in their struggle

June 24, 2025

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Explore more

No Result
View All Result
MARITIME EVENTS

Explore

  • Safety
  • SEAFiT
  • Green
  • Smart
  • Risk
  • Others
  • SAFETY4SEA Events
  • SAFETY4SEA Plus Subscription

Useful Links

  • About
  • Disclaimer
  • Editorial Policies
  • Advertising
  • Content Marketing
  • Contact

© 2025 SAFETY4SEA

No Result
View All Result
  • Safety
    • Accidents
    • Alerts
    • Loss Prevention
    • Maritime Health
    • Regulation
    • Safety
    • Seafarers
    • Security
  • SEAFiT
    • Intellectual
    • Mental
    • Physical
    • Social
    • Spiritual
  • Green
    • Arctic
    • Ballast
    • Emissions
    • Fuels
    • Green Shipping
    • Pollution
    • Ship Recycling
    • Technology
  • Smart
    • Connectivity
    • Cyber Security
    • E-navigation
    • Energy Efficiency
    • Maritime Software
    • Smart
  • Risk
    • CIC
    • Detentions
    • Fines
    • PSC Case Studies
    • PSC Focus
    • Vetting
  • Others
    • Diversity in shipping
    • Maritime Knowledge
    • Offshore
    • Ports
    • Shipping
    • Sustainability
    • Videos
  • Columns
    • Anchor Your Health
    • Book Review
    • Career Paths
    • Human Performance
    • Industry Voices
    • Interviews
    • Maripedia
    • Maritime History
    • Opinions
    • Regulatory Update
    • Resilience
    • Seafarers Stories
    • SeaSense
    • Tip of the day
    • Training & Development
    • Wellness Corner
    • Wellness Tips
  • SAFETY4SEA Events
  • SAFETY4SEA Plus Subscription

© 2025 SAFETY4SEA

Manage your privacy
We use technologies like cookies to store and/or access device information. We do this to improve browsing experience and to show (non-) personalized ads. Consenting to these technologies will allow us to process data such as browsing behavior or unique IDs on this site. Not consenting or withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain features and functions.
Functional Always active
The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network.
Preferences
The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user.
Statistics
The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you.
Marketing
The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes.
Manage options Manage services Manage {vendor_count} vendors Read more about these purposes
Manage options
{title} {title} {title}
No Result
View All Result
  • Safety
    • Accidents
    • Alerts
    • Loss Prevention
    • Maritime Health
    • Regulation
    • Safety
    • Seafarers
    • Security
  • SEAFiT
    • Intellectual
    • Mental
    • Physical
    • Social
    • Spiritual
  • Green
    • Arctic
    • Ballast
    • Emissions
    • Fuels
    • Green Shipping
    • Pollution
    • Ship Recycling
    • Technology
  • Smart
    • Connectivity
    • Cyber Security
    • E-navigation
    • Energy Efficiency
    • Maritime Software
    • Smart
  • Risk
    • CIC
    • Detentions
    • Fines
    • PSC Case Studies
    • PSC Focus
    • Vetting
  • Others
    • Diversity in shipping
    • Maritime Knowledge
    • Offshore
    • Ports
    • Shipping
    • Sustainability
    • Videos
  • Columns
    • Anchor Your Health
    • Book Review
    • Career Paths
    • Human Performance
    • Industry Voices
    • Interviews
    • Maripedia
    • Maritime History
    • Opinions
    • Regulatory Update
    • Resilience
    • Seafarers Stories
    • SeaSense
    • Tip of the day
    • Training & Development
    • Wellness Corner
    • Wellness Tips
  • SAFETY4SEA Events
  • SAFETY4SEA Plus Subscription

© 2025 SAFETY4SEA