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SAFETY4SEA

Better booking procedures will cut misdeclared box risk

by Vandenborn Yves
July 10, 2018
in Loss Prevention, Opinions
cargo claims

Above image is used for illustration purposes only / Credit: Shutterstock

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Dangerous cargo hidden in just one container can destroy a whole ship if it burns or explodes at sea. Yves Vandenborn, Loss Prevention Director of The Standard Club, says a more rigorous approach to container booking is needed if shipowners are to protect their ships, crews and reputations from the real risk of misdeclared box cargoes.

Calcium hypochlorite is an important and widely used water treatment chemical. It is shipped in containers all over the world. However, it needs to be carried with care: at anything above 30°C in a confined space it can catch fire or explode.

Unfortunately disreputable shippers do not always tell shipowners they have stuffed their containers with dangerous cargoes such as calcium hypochlorite. Major recent container-ship fires, including the Maersk Seoul, Maersk Londrina, Barzan, Al Ula, Hanjin Green Earth and Cape Moreton in 2015 and the APL Austria in 2017, are all blamed on undeclared cargoes of calcium hypochlorite.

In 2016 the International Group of P&I Clubs and the Cargo Incident Notification System (an initiative of 16 shipping lines) published Guidelines for the Carriage of Calcium Hypochlorite in Containers. The idea was to clarify the increasingly complex requirements of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) code – and show that, when properly declared, packed and stowed, calcium hypochlorite is perfectly safe to carry in containers.

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Despite this, many liner operators now refuse to carry such cargoes or charge excessively for doing so. The result is a vicious circle: greater restrictions provide a greater incentive for unscrupulous manufacturers and shippers to commit fraud in order to export their products – and they are getting very good at it.

Industry research suggests that at least 2 million TEU each year are now likely to contain an undeclared dangerous cargo. A ship carrying one of these containers will not have taken any special precautions, and is at risk.

The results can be catastrophic, including injury or death of seafarers, extensive damage or total loss of the cargo and ship, and pollution of the environment. While such losses may be insured, the ship operator cannot undo the suffering caused to crew members or recover lost time, uninsured amounts and, above all, loss of reputation.

The Standard Club’s research shows that the booking process accounts for a large percentage of misdeclared dangerous cargo incidents. Improvements to booking procedures can therefore significantly help identify and prevent misdeclared dangerous cargoes from being accepted for carriage.

As a starting point, all booking office staff and agents need to know and trust their customers. This means doing due-diligence checks on new customers and their supply chains – particularly if the cargo is from China, where most cases of misdeclared dangerous cargoes originate.

In the case of slot charterers and freight forwarders, booking staff need to know and trust the checks these organisations use on their own customers. The commercially sensitive nature of the consortium and slot charter business usually means cargoes are confidential – which is like being asked to carry someone’s locked suitcase onto an aeroplane. As such the due diligence processes of slot charterers must be regularly audited and approved.

It is also vital for ship operators to have a robust and reliable container booking process throughout their organisations to keep misdeclared containers off their ships. This includes booking deadlines, cargo documentation checks, final bill of lading cross-checks, and referral processes for suspicious bookings. They should also consider the use of checking software such as Hapag-Lloyd’s Cargo Patrol.

Finally, all booking staff and agents, not just those on the dangerous cargo desk, should be comprehensively trained in dangerous cargoes, know-your-customer procedures and the booking process to ensure everyone is aware of what to look out for. They should also be kept up to date on the latest trends and regulations, and incentivised to spot misdeclared cargoes.

While every company has a different approach to booking as well as different commercial priorities and constraints, the key is to identify and close as many loopholes as possible which could be exploited by fraudulent shippers. The Standard Club’s publication, better box booking, explores these suggestions further.

By ensuring all booking office staff and agents know about dangerous cargoes such as calcium hypochlorite, as well as knowing their customers and rigorously checking all booking documentation, the chances of loading one of the two million misdeclared containers shipped every year will be significantly reduced.

 

 

By Capt. Yves Vandenborn, Director of Loss Prevention, The Standard Club

 

The views presented hereabove are only those of the author and not necessarily those of SAFETY4SEA and are for information sharing and discussion purposes only.

Better booking procedures will cut misdeclared box riskBetter booking procedures will cut misdeclared box risk
Better booking procedures will cut misdeclared box riskBetter booking procedures will cut misdeclared box risk
Tags: containershipsdangerous cargoloss preventionStandard Club
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Vandenborn Yves

Vandenborn Yves

Yves Vandenborn is a master mariner and sailed with Exmar Nv. Belgium on chemical/product, LNG and LPG tankers. Since coming ashore in 2003, Yves has worked as a marine superintendent and as an independent marine surveyor undertaking numerous P&I condition surveys, oil major SIRE pre-vettings, TMSA audits, pre-purchase surveys, bulk carrier hatch cover ultra-sonic tests, etc. Yves joined The Standard Club in February 2010 as an in-house marine surveyor based in Singapore. In July 2013 he took over as Director of Loss Prevention for The Standard Club. As the director he is responsible for the risk assessment programme for the club’s membership worldwide. He is further responsible for the club’s loss prevention initiatives, publications and technical advice to the membership, as well as to the underwriting and claims departments. In 2021, Yves was closely involved in setting up the club’s internal working group on alternative fuels including the external advisory panel of industry experts assisting the club in preparing for the fourth propulsion revolution. Yves regularly speaks at shipping industry events across the world on behalf of The Standard Club. He uses his vast personal experience to explain serious issues in a way that is interesting and relevant to the audience. He uses anecdotes and lessons learnt from his sailing career to illustrate best practice guidelines, making him a welcome fixture at many speaking engagements. In line with his beliefs of giving back to the industry, Yves is currently closely engaged in maritime discourse topics such as seafarer wellbeing (physical, mental, and social), misdeclared container cargoes, vehicle car carrier fires and navigation related incidents. Yves is a Fellow of the Nautical Institute and became the Hon President of the Nautical Institute Singapore branch in 2020. In this capacity, Yves works closely with the local maritime industry for the improvement of seafarer standards, safety and wellbeing.

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