Recent decades have seen pronounced Arctic warming accompanied by significant reductions in sea ice volume and a dramatic increase in summer open water area. The resulting combination of increased ice-free area and more mobile ice cover has led to dramatic shifts in the processes that govern atmosphere–ice–ocean interactions, with profound impacts on upper ocean structure and sea ice evolution. The summer sea ice retreat and resulting emergence of a seasonal marginal ice zone Marginal Ice Zone in the Beaufort Sea exemplifies these changes and provides an excellent laboratory for studying the underlying physics.
The Office of Naval Research MIZ initiative employs an integrated program of observations and numerical simulations to investigate ice–ocean–atmosphere dynamics in and around the marginal ice zone in the Beaufort Sea. The measurement program exploits a novel mix of autonomous technologies (ice-based instrumentation, floats, drifters, and gliders) to characterize the processes that govern Marginal Ice Zone evolution from initial breakup and Marginal Ice Zone formation through the course of the summertime sea ice retreat. The flexible nature and extended endurance of ice-mounted and mobile, autonomous oceanographic platforms allows the array to follow the Marginal Ice Zone as it retreats northward, sampling from fully ice-covered waters, through the difficult Marginal Ice Zone and into the open water to the south. The nested array of drifting and mobile autonomous platforms resolves a broad range of spatial and temporal scales. By remaining focused on the Marginal Ice Zone as it retreats, the array resolves changes in the physics associated with increasing open water extent.
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