The international shipping industry is firmly committed to playing its part in reducing emissions of CO2 and other Green House Gases. ICS has issued a special brochure to coincide with the UNFCCC Climate Change Conference in Lima (COP 20) which started on December 1st in Lima, explaining the issues involved and the progress being made by the industry and its global regulator – the IMO – to reduce ships’ CO2 emissions.
ICS emphasises that any decision on whether to develop a Market Based Measure for shipping that might be linked to the Green Climate Fund (GCF), should be a matter for International Maritime Organization (IMO) member states. ICS says that IMO will be best placed to develop an approach that can reconcile the UNFCCC principle of ‘Common But Differentiated Responsibility (CBDR)’ – whereby developing countries are treated differently – with the need for all ships, regardless of flag, to be treated in a uniform manner.
ICS emphasises that shipping is a global industry requiring rules on CO2 to be applied on a global basis to all ships. Apart from preventing market distortion in this totally globalised sector, this is necessary to avoid ‘carbon leakage’ since only about 35% of the world fleet is registered with those developed nations that are covered by emission reduction commitments under the existing Kyoto Protocol on climate change prevention.
How is shipping reducing its CO2 emissions?
The consensus of opinion within the global industry is that it will be possible for shipping to reduce CO2 emitted per tonne of cargo transported one kilometre
(tonne/km) by 20% between 2005 and 2020, through a combination of technological and operational developments, as well as the introduction of new and bigger ships, designed to the new IMO Energy Efficiency Design Index
In the longer term, depending on technological developments which at the moment cannot be fully anticipated, the industry believes it should be possible to deliver even more dramatic emissions reductions.
Although the shipping industry is already very energy efficient, additional improvements to hull, engine and propeller design are expected to produce further reductions in fuel consumption. There may also be possibilities for the better utilisation of waste heat
The increasing size of many ships is also expected to improve fuel efficiency. In addition, operational measures (e.g. better speed management throughout the course of a voyage) are also expected to reduce fuel consumption and are addressed in detail by the new Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan that has been made mandatory by IMO.
Shipping companies have a very strong incentive to reduce their fuel consumption and thus reduce their CO2 emissions: bunker costs represent an increasingly significant proportion of ships’ operational expenses, having increased by about 400% since 2000.
There is every expectation that marine bunker prices will remain high. Furthermore, the cost of ships’ fuel is expected to increase by a further 50% as a result of the increased use of (low sulphur) distillate fuel that will follow the implementation of the new IMO rules (MARPOL Annex VI) that will apply in Emission Control Areas in 2015 and globally from 2020.
Further information may be found by reading ICS Brochure
Shipping, World Trade and the Reduction of CO2 Emissions
Source: ICS
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