Maria Kyratsoudi, FOBAS Senior Specialist GEMA, Hellenic Lloyd’s SA presentation during the 2015 GREEN4SEA Forum There are many SOx options in order to achieve compliance available now, in short term and in longer term. Exhaust gas cleaning is a mature industrial technology, notwithstanding the challenges of marinising these technologies. Technical, contractual and regulatory challenges need to be addressed in order exhaust cleaning systems to be effectively installed and used. The decision of using scrubbers or not depends is not straightforward and relies to some key operational parameters. Unfortunately there is no one size fits all solution and operators need to consider their own operating patterns; financial modelling and asset status to develop tailored solutions   SOx compliance has become an industry challenge not only for the shipowners but also for the refineries, as they need a significant investment in order to be able to meet the 2020-2025 fuel supply demand. Up to 2015, refineries have been delivering within traditional/conventional production methods. From the 1st of January 2015 and up to 2020/2025 we have already seen increasing pressures on supply as a result of an increased used of distillates fuels and of the new so called ‘hybrid fuels’ as well as some quality issues...