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ISSUE 91 I April 2024 I SAFETY4SEA Log I 5 safety4sea.com In this edition, we present key highlights from the MEPC 81 meeting, revealing opportunities ahead, particularly within the next six months as the industry prepares for a netzero future. While opportunities abound, it's crucial for industry stakeholders not to overlook potential risks and to remain proactive. The Committee's approval of a draft outline for an "IMO net-zero framework" under MARPOL Annex VI, including a new Chapter 5, stands as a significant achievement toward meeting the goals outlined in the 2023 IMO Strategy. Additionally, the approval of two new Emission Control Areas (ECAs) in Canada and Norway marks another milestone, set for adoption at the next MEPC. Various other issues are slated for consideration at MEPC 82. In line with the Getting to Zero Coalition's recommendations, upcoming MEPC meetings must prioritize mid-term measures and Comprehensive Impact Assessment to address concerns of lower-income countries regarding potential negative impacts on their economies. In this issue, you'll find an infographic stressing the importance of minimizing distractions to enhance situational awareness onboard, along with another advocating for detox from digital and social media applications. For further updates, please visit safety4sea.com and our dedicated events portal at events.safety4sea.com! Apostolos Belokas Founder & Managing Editor, SAFETY4SEA [email protected] Apostolos Belokas @ApoBelokas Editorial CONTENTS SAFETY4SEA is Fostering Sustainable Shipping for more than 12 years, hosting the leading safety4sea.com, producing monthly magazines & special publications (100k p.a. circulation onboard & ashore), along with e-mail, video & social media, and delivering SAFETY4SEA, GREEN4SEA, SMART4SEA, CAREER4SEA & Crew Welfare Week Forums & Awards. INTERVIEWS 18. ITF: Industry should also tackle with forced labour, human trafficking and modern slavery OPINIONS 20. From human factors to human actors: Equipping the e-farers of the future 24. SIRE 2.0: Revolutionising maritime safety and environmental compliance 37. The pulse of the young seafarer: Embracing technological evolution 40. Why decarbonization causes uncertainty in shipping ARTICLES 8. IMO MEPC 81 Outcome: Next steps crucial for cutting GHG emissions from shipping 10. Getting to Zero Coalition on MEPC 81: Industry needs to consider a Global Fuel Standard 15. IMPA Safety Campaign: Securing pilot ladders at intermediate length is vital 46. USCG Guidance on cyber security: A glossary of terms 48. Getting beyond the analytical mind 50.Women in Transport: 2023 Equity Index findings are an urgent call for change EVENT COVERAGE 42. 2024 SMART4SEA Athens Forum: Digital trends transforming the shipping industry INFOGRAPHICS 12. Stay SEAFiT: Embracing a digital diet for greater wellbeing 22. Be here and now: Dos and Don’ts to avoid distractions onboard 34. RISK4SEA: Australia – Capesize (>100k dwt) PSC Intelligence for CY 2023 COLUMNS 4. Highlights 27. Safety News 30. Green News 53. Career paths 54. Maritime health 56. Alerts 58. Safety digest 60. Video review 62. Book review 63. Reports 65. Regulatory Update 66. Crossword In this issue
10 I SAFETY4SEA Log I April 2024 I ISSUE 91 safety4sea.com ARTICLE Following discussions during the latest IMO Committee, the industry has been reminded that time is of the essence for transitioning away from fossil fuels in shipping. Undoubtedly, the forthcoming six months will be pivotal for country delegates, as they embark on aligning with the IMO net-zero framework to refine the details of each measure, which must be adopted in 2025 and are to come into effect in 2027. IMO MEPC 81 OUTCOME NEXT STEPS CRUCIAL FOR CUTTING GHG EMISSIONS FROM SHIPPING Many topics discussed and decisions made during the MEPC 81 that took place from 18 to 22 March 2024, in IMO headquarters, London. Among others, IMO agreed on an illustration of a possible draft outline of an “IMO net-zero framework” for cutting greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from international shipping. The draft outline illustration lists regulations under the MARPOL, which will be adopted or amended to allow for a new global fuel standard and a new global pricing mechanism for maritime GHG emissions. IMO said that this decision marks a step forward in the legal process towards adopting global regulations, referred to as “midterm GHG reduction measures”, that will help achieve the targets contained in the 2023 IMO Strategy on the Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships.
ISSUE 91 I April 2024 I SAFETY4SEA Log I 11 safety4sea.com ARTICLE board can be a serious hazard to navigation and safety at sea as well as to the marine environment. Progress on review and implementation of the BWM Convention The Committee adopted amendments to regulations A-1 and B-2 of the BWM Convention concerning the use of electronic record books, expected to enter into force on 1 October 2025, and further focused on the implementation and Convention review. Furthermore, the MEPC.387(81) Interim guidance on the application of the BWM convention to ships operating in challenging water quality conditions was adopted. This guidance will assist ship owners and operators in planning for compliance with the BWM Convention and the D-2 discharge standard when a type-approved BWMS encounters operational limitations or meeting operational demand in challenging water quality (CWQ) conditions. How industry stakeholders reacted Following the conclusion of MEPC, ICS released a statement to welcome the progress made during these intensive negotiations to achieve net zero emissions from shipping, and the support received from around 60 Member States for a flat rate contribution system per tonne of GHG. However, as a co-sponsor, ICS was disappointed to see that the proposed resolution clarifying the current status of the Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) rating system did not receive sufficient support from Member states. In turn, Danish Shipping noted that one of the main points on the agenda was the establishment of global, binding climate regulation of shipping and highlighted that it is vital all 175 member countries maintain the ambition for climate-neutral shipping around 2050. It is also essential for promoting shipping companies’ investments in new green ships that work on climate regulation of shipping is progressing, Danish Shipping added with Nina Porst, Director of climate, environment, and safety, saying that: “We are far from the goal, and difficult negotiations lie ahead. We have experienced small but sensible progress. The framework is set, and the process continues. Now, the framework must be filled with more detailed content”. MEPC 81 was an important opportunity for all parties to review and discuss the many proposals on the table, agreed the Word Shipping Council (WSC). “The WSC Green Balance Mechanism, an innovative approach to GHG pricing designed to bridge the price gap between fossil fuels and green fuels, has been very positively received. The constructive input received both at the intersessional and MEPC meetings are invaluable as we further develop the mechanism.”, WSC further said, highlighting that as we all prepare for the MEPC 82 meeting in September, it is essential that the work on technical and financial measures is undertaken with a clear focus on how they will deliver on industry’s shared target of decarbonization. The Clean Arctic Alliance welcomed IMO’s support for new Arctic Emission Control Areas for shipping, however it noted that frustratingly discussion of other air pollution including measures to control emissions of black carbon impacting the Arctic were kicked down the road to MEPC 82. Similarly, further discussion of the discharge of wastewater from the use of scrubbers used to circumvent the need to move to cleaner fuels, was also delayed to MEPC 82. The IMO Secretary -General Arsenio Dominguez expressed his satisfaction with progress made during the Committee and the possible draft outline of an “IMO net-zero framework” which will include a proposed new Chapter 5 of MARPOL Annex VI containing regulations on the IMO net-zero framework, to feature a goal-based marine fuel standard regulating the phased reduction of the marine fuel’s GHG intensity; and an economic mechanism(s) to incentivize the transition to net-zero. New Emission Control Areas MEPC approved two proposals for the designation of Emission Control Areas (ECAs): • Proposed ECA in Canadian Arctic Waters, for Nitrogen Oxides, Sulphur Oxides and Particulate Matter; and • Proposed ECA in the Norwegian Sea for Nitrogen Oxide and Sulphur Oxides which includes a “three dates criterion” consisting of building contract, keel laid and delivery date as part of the keel-laying date requirement in the proposed amendment to MARPOL Annex VI. As informed, the draft amendments to MARPOL Annex VI to establish the ECAs will be forwarded to MEPC 82 for adoption. The earliest entry-into-force date of the amendments would be 1 March 2026 (16 months from adoption). “The creation of these two new Emission Control Areas will set an important precedent for protection of our climate and our ocean, and particularly the Arctic”, said Dr Sian Prior, Lead Advisor to the Clean Arctic Alliance. Mandatory reporting of lost containers In an effort to tackle with marine litter, the IMO MEPC also discussed about the reporting procedures for lost containers and carriage of plastic pellets by sea and took important decisions towards. Containers lost over-
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Detoxifying your system goes beyond just juice cleanses and workout routines. In our contemporary digital landscape, it's equally important to give your mental health a respite from its daily stressors. This entails occasionally embarking on a digital detox challenge, allowing you to relish the benefits of your connected devices rather than feeling inundated by them. A digital detox involves taking a break from digital devices such as TVs, smartphones, computers, tablets, and social media platforms for a specific duration. 5 benefits when taking a break from technology Embracing a digital diet for greater well-being Reduced stress and anxiety Improved sleep Increased mindfulness Better relationships Enhanced creativity 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Did you know? Internet addiction (IA) has become a major public health issue worldwide and is closely linked to mental health disorders.
Constant notifications, emails, and social media updates can take a toll on your mental health. Schedule designated times to disable notifications and make airplane mode your friend! seafit.safety4sea.com 7-DAY DIGITAL DIET Unsubscribe from unwanted emails Refrain from checking your phone until you begin work Disconnect all devices during your lunch break Define a period where you don’t check new notifications Stay off social media for the entire day Avoid checking work emails or social media Refrain from checking work emails or social media MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY The UK P&I Club suggests the following weekly plan for digital detox
48 I SAFETY4SEA Log I April 2024 I ISSUE 91 safety4sea.com USCG GUIDANCE ON CYBER SECURITY: A GLOSSARY OF TERMS USCG issued a Navigation and Vessel Inspection Circular (NVIC) to provide guidance for complying with reporting requirements for Breaches of Security (BOS), Suspicious Activity (SA), Transportation Security Incidents (TSI), and Cyber Incidents. The cyber incident guidance supports the reporting requirements and explains all related cyber security terms. involving or endangering any vessel, harbor, port, or waterfront facility, including any data, information, network, program, system, or other digital infrastructure thereon or therein, shall be reported immediately. However, the USCG notes that routine spam, phishing attempts, and other nuisance events that do not breach a system’s defenses may not need to be reported as cyber incidents. Similarly, accidental violations of acceptable use policies, such as plugging in an unauthorized USB drive, are not considered a reportable cyber incident. Such occurrences, however, should be monitored for unusual activities such as escalation of efforts, and may be considered suspicious activities. The maritime industry continues to expand its use of networked technology, which creates efficiencies but also increases threats and vulnerabilities to stakeholders through telecommunications equipment, computers, and networks. Due to the increasing reliance on telecommunications equipment, computers, and networked systems for controlling physical operations, a growing portion of all security risks have a network or computer nexus. Maintaining the security of these systems, including reporting cyber incidents, is vital to maintaining enhanced security. USCG highlights that any evidence of sabotage, subversive activity, or an actual or threatened cyber incident
ISSUE 91 I April 2024 I SAFETY4SEA Log I 49 safety4sea.com ARTICLE Information System: An interconnected set of information resources under the same direct management control that shares common functionality. A system normally includes hardware, software data, applications, communications, and people in the application of information and operational technologies. Intrusion: Any set of actions that attempts to compromise the integrity, confidentiality, or availability of a resource. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): A security service that monitors and analyzes network or system events for the purpose of finding and providing real-time or near real-time warning of attempts to access system resources in an unauthorized manner. Malicious Cyber Activity: Activities, other than those authorized by or in accordance with U.S. law, that seek to compromise or impair the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of computers, information or communications systems, networks, physical or virtual infrastructure controlled by computers or information systems, or information resident thereon. Malware: Hardware, firmware, or software that is intentionally included or inserted in a system for a harmful purpose. Network Defense: The programs, activities, and the use of tools necessary to facilitate them conducted on a computer, network, or information or communications system by the owner or with the consent of the owner and, as appropriate, the users for the primary purpose of protecting that computer, network, or system. Phishing: Tricking individuals into disclosing sensitive personal information through deceptive computer-based means. A Glossary of Terms Access: The ability and means to communicate with or otherwise interact with a system, to use system resources to handle information, to gain knowledge of the information the system contains, or to control system components and functions. Cyber Incident: An occurrence that actually or imminently jeopardizes, without lawful authority, the integrity, confidentiality, or availability of information or an information system; or constitutes a violation or imminent threat of violation of law, security policies, security procedures, or acceptable use policies. Cybersecurity: The activity or process, ability or capability, or state whereby information and communications systems and the information contained therein are protected from and/or defended against damage, unauthorized use or modification, or exploitation. Cyber System: Any combination of facilities, equipment, personnel, procedures, and communications integrated to provide cyber services; examples include business systems, control systems, and access control systems. Cyber Threat: Any circumstance or event with the potential to adversely impact organizational operations (including mission, functions, image, or reputation), organizational assets, individuals, other organizations, or the Nation through an information system via unauthorized access, destruction, disclosure, modification of information, and/or denial of service. Industrial Control System (ICS): An information system used to control industrial processes such as manufacturing, product handling, production, and distribution. Spear Phishing: Highly targeted phishing attack, targeted at an individual by including key information about them. Suspicious Activity: Observed behavior reasonably indicative of preoperational planning related to terrorism or other criminal activity. Threat: An event or condition that has the potential for causing asset loss and the undesirable consequences or impact from such loss. Trojan Horse: A computer program that appears to have a useful function, but also has a hidden and potentially malicious function that evades security mechanisms, sometimes by exploiting legitimate authorizations of a system entity that invokes the program. Unauthorized Access: A person gains logical or physical access without permission to a network, system, application, data, or other resource. Virus: A computer program that can copy itself and infect a computer without permission or knowledge of the user. A virus might corrupt or delete data on a computer, use email programs to spread itself to other computers, or even erase everything on a hard disk. Worm: A self-replicating, self-propagating, self-contained program that uses networking mechanisms to spread itself. Zombie: A program that is installed on a system to cause it to attack other systems.
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