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SAFETY4SEA Log I February 2025 I ISSUE 100 I 3 safety4sea.com This edition marks a proud milestone: the 100th issue of SAFETY4SEA Log since its debut in September 2012. From its humble beginnings as a quarterly publication with fewer pages, the magazine has grown into a monthly platform delivering deep maritime insights, intelligent data, and compelling infographics, always keeping our readers at its core. Over the years, our focus has been clear: sharing knowledge and fostering resilience in an industry that faces many challenges. Resilience, indeed, remains crucial as we navigate risks such as those highlighted in this issue. Reports from Allianz, the World Economic Forum, and Marlink provide essential perspectives, while alarming findings from InterManager and EMSA emphasize the urgent need for vigilance, particularly in preventing enclosed-space fatalities and addressing broader maritime casualties. In short, the industry must stay vigilant in addressing these multifaceted risks. Collaboration, discussion, and the adoption of best practices are crucial to taking meaningful action. This edition also introduces a new Infographic series under our Safety Culture initiative, starting with psychological safety-a key to boosting morale and productivity. As February launches our global events, visit events.safety4sea.com to secure your spot. We look forward to connecting and tackling industry challenges together. Thank you for your unwavering support over 100 issues. Anchors down, eyes aheadwe remain committed to delivering valuable content to our resilient maritime community! Apo Belokas Founder & Managing Editor, SAFETY4SEA [email protected] Apostolos Belokas Editorial CONTENTS SAFETY4SEA is Fostering Sustainable Shipping for more than 15 years, hosting the leading safety4sea. com (300k visitors monthly), producing monthly magazines & tailored publications (100k p.a. circulation onboard & ashore), & Industry Surveys along with e-mail, video & social media, and delivering SAFETY4SEA, GREEN4SEA, SMART4SEA, CAREER4SEA & Crew Welfare Week Forums & Awards. INTERVIEWS 16. DBCE: DryBMS is paving the way for a new industry safety standard 24. UK Club: Effective crew training is the first line of defence against li-ion battery fires 48. DCSA: Digitalization is a critical driver of sustainability 46. IMCSO: Ensuring that everyone is cyber aware and vigilant is a key challenge for shipping OPINIONS 18. Enhancing Safety Culture: The power of leadership 28. The normalisation of deviance ARTICLES 8. Global Maritime Risks in 2025: Insights from the Allianz Risk Barometer 10. World Economic Forum highlights key global risks in 2025 12. Enclosed space deaths spark calls for change 31. EMSA Annual Overview of Marine Casualties and Incidents 37. MSC 109 updates on maritime industry’s burning issues 38. Fueling the future: Where we stand with alternatives 46. Reverse phishing as an emerging cyber threat 51. Violence and harassment at work: Key considerations EVENT COVERAGE 44. Crew Welafare Week: Panel 5: Assessing mental health: Key parameters to consider INFOGRAPHICS 14. Stay SEAFiT: How to embrace healthy eating 26. Psychological Safety: Exploring the 4 stages 34. RISK4SEA: Global PSC Detentions CY2024 COLUMNS 4. Highlights 20. Safety News 41. Green News 53. Career paths 54. Maritime health 56. Alerts 58. Safety digest 60. Video review 62. Book review 63. Reports 65. Regulatory Update 66. Crossword In this issue Find us here
8 I SAFETY4SEA Log I February 2025 I ISSUE 100 safety4sea.com ART I CLE significant economic losses. The maritime industry witnessed these effects firsthand in 2024 when Houthi attacks in the Red Sea forced container ships to reroute, exacerbating supply chain delays. Similarly, the collapse of the Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore disrupted shipping routes, highlighting the fragility of infrastructure-dependent trade networks. According to Allianz, global supply chain disruptions occur approximately every 1.4 years, with economic damages ranging from 5% to 10% of product costs. To counteract these risks, the industry is investing in automation, predictive analytics, and digital solutions. However, as Michael Bruch, Global Head of Risk Advisory Services at Allianz Commercial, notes, these advancements can only enhance resilience if implemented thoughtfully, without overwhelming operational capacity. GLOBAL MARITIME RISKS IN 2025 INSIGHTS FROM THE ALLIANZ RISK BAROMETER stakes are particularly high: compromised navigation systems or supply chain software can lead to operational chaos, financial losses, and reputational damage. Vanessa Maxwell, Allianz Commercial’s Chief Underwriting Officer, underscores the need for businesses to bolster their cyber resilience as technological dependence grows. “Businesses need to adopt a holistic approach to risk management and consistently strive to enhance their resilience in order to address these fastevolving risks", she noted. Business interruption: Supply chain vulnerabilities exposed Ranking #2 globally, business interruption (BI) reflects the interconnected nature of modern risks. For maritime players, disruptions such as port closures, rerouting of vessels, or delays in cargo handling can cascade into These challenges, alongside geopolitical tensions and climate change, shape the priorities for risk management across all sectors, with unique implications for maritime operations. Cyber incidents: A growing threat to maritime security Cyber incidents, including ransomware attacks, IT disruptions, and breaches of critical infrastructure, continue to dominate as the #1 global risk in the Allianz survey, cited by 38% of respondents. The maritime industry is not immune; with its increasing reliance on digital systems for navigation, cargo tracking, and communication, vulnerabilities abound. The CrowdStrike incident of 2024, which disrupted IT systems on a global scale, served as a stark reminder of the risks posed by advanced cyberattacks. For shipping companies, the The maritime industry, integral to global trade, faces a constantly evolving risk landscape. According to the recently published Allianz Risk Barometer 2025, three key risks dominate global concerns: cyber incidents, business interruption, and natural catastrophes.
SAFETY4SEA Log I February 2025 I ISSUE 100 I 9 safety4sea.com ART I CLE ever, as Allianz highlights, the maritime industry must prepare for both longterm climate risks and immediate operational challenges caused by natural disasters. Geopolitical tensions and protectionism While geopolitical risks and violence slipped to #9 globally, they remain a critical concern for maritime operations, especially given rising trade protectionism. Export restrictions on critical raw materials have surged fivefold in the past decade, and new tariffs loom large on the horizon. The maritime sector is particularly vulnerable to trade wars, which could disrupt global shipping lanes and inflate costs. The potential for a "regulatory wild west," particularly around technologies like AI and cryptocurrencies, adds another layer of complexity. Meanwhile, sustainability reporting requirements will be high on the agenda in Europe in 2025 Ludovic Subran, Chief Investment Officer at Allianz, warns that while regulation is essential, inefficient implementation could stifle industry progress. “Not every regulation is inherently ‘bad’ [...] A thorough digitization of the administration is urgently needed. However, in 2025, too, we will probably still be waiting in vain for a corresponding digital strategy. Instead, trade wars are coming. The outlook is not rosy.", he underlined. A call for holistic risk management As the Allianz Risk Barometer illustrates, the risks facing the maritime industry in 2025 are deeply interconnected. Cyber incidents can lead to business interruptions, climate change exacerbates natural disasters, and geopolitical tensions heighten regulatory uncertainty. Natural catastrophes and climate change: Twin challenges The maritime sector is on the front lines of climate-related risks, and natural catastrophes rank as the #3 global risk, followed closely by climate change at #5 - its highest position in the Allianz Risk Barometer’s 14-year history. From hurricanes in North America to devastating floods in Europe and Asia, 2024 was marked by extreme weather events, making it the hottest year on record. For shipping, such conditions disrupt port operations, increase the risk of vessel damage, and delay deliveries. The rising frequency of insured losses exceeding $100 billion annually underscores the urgency for climate adaptation strategies. Shipping companies are already exploring greener technologies, such as alternative fuels and energyefficient vessel designs, to align with global decarbonization goals. HowReport highlights • Companies identify cyberattacks, especially data breaches, as their top business concern for the year ahead (38% of overall responses). • Business interruption remains #2 (31%). Natural catastrophes rank #3, while the closely interlinked peril climate change is the biggest riser compared to 2024, moving from #7 to #5. • Geopolitical turmoil, impact of government and regulatory change, and fear of trade wars remain high on the business agenda. • Leading the business risk rankings in the United States are cyber, natural catastrophes and business interruption.
Maintaining a nutritious diet supports the prevention of malnutrition and non-communicable illnesses like diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and cancer. Poor eating habits and a sedentary lifestyle are among the top global health risks. Transitioning to healthier eating doesn’t need to be an all-or-nothing approach. You don’t have to completely give up your favorite foods or overhaul your diet overnight—start with small, gradual adjustments instead. Moderation End your meal feeling satisfied—not still hungry, but not uncomfortably full. Say no to emotional eating Avoid using food to cope with stress or emotions. Instead, try engaging in an activity like taking a walk. Use smaller portions Serve your meals on smaller plates. Pair your meal with a side of salad and finish with fresh fruit for a balanced conclusion. Variety and balance Eat a wide range of foods from all food groups. Aim for a mix of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Embrace mindfulness Turn off distractions like the TV or your phone. Eat slowly, savor each bite. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. HOW TO EMBRACE HEALTHY EATING 5 key principles
seafit.safety4sea.com Start with breakfast Never skip breakfast. Choose a balanced meal high in fiber and low in fat, sugar, and salt Make carbs the foundation Fill just over a third of your plate with starchy carbohydrates like whole-grain bread, brown rice, or sweet potatoes. Go for five a day Aim to eat at least five portions of fruits and vegetables daily. Incorporate a mix of fresh, frozen, canned, dried, or juiced options. Fish for health Include fish in your meals twice a week, with at least one portion of oily fish like salmon, sardines, or mackerel. Limit processed foods Opt for homemade meals using fresh ingredients whenever possible. Be mindful of fats and salt Replace saturated fats like butter with healthier options such as olive oil. Check food labels for salt intake and minimize salty snacks. Stay hydrated Drink six to eight glasses of fluids daily to avoid dehydration. Focus on water, lower-fat milk, or low-sugar drinks. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. PRACTICAL TIPS FOR HEALTHY EATING
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38 I SAFETY4SEA Log I February 2025 I ISSUE 100 safety4sea.com ART I CLE China, marking a critical step in scaling up production. • According to Bureau Veritas, over 105 wind propulsion systems were installed on more than 45 ships by mid-2024, and projections indicate that up to 30% of the global fleet could embrace wind power by 2050. Methanol Methanol adoption surged in 2024, with DNV reporting a 42% increase in methanol-fueled vessels compared to 2023. Significant progress was made in retrofitting existing ships and advancing methanol bunkering capabilities. Notable achievements include: • Pacific Ocean Engineering delivered the world’s first methanol dual-fuel retrofit containership. • Svitzer signed a contract to construct the first battery-methanol-powered tugboat. • X-Press Feeders completed Singapore’s first simultaneous methanol bunkering and cargo operation. Ammonia Ammonia remains a promising yet technically challenging fuel. While machinery readiness is still developing, the Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller Center for Zero Carbon Shipping revealed in a survey that 50% of seafarers are willing to work with ammonia as a marine fuel. Key highlights include: • Approval for the construction of Norway’s first ammonia bunkering facility. • Delivery of the world’s first two ammonia dual-fuel Aframax tankers by MISC. • A collaboration between Samsung Heavy Industries and the Korean Registry to develop ammonia-fueled containerships. With the first ammonia-fueled marine engines expected in 2025, a surge in orders is anticipated as the industry gains confidence in this carbon-free fuel. Nuclear Power 2024 also saw a resurgence of interest in nuclear propulsion for commercial shipping. The IMO emphasized the potential of small modular reactors (SMRs) as a viable option for reducing emissions. Lloyd’s Register’s ZeroCarbon Fuel Monitor highlighted the increasing readiness of nuclear technology for maritime applications. Key developments include: The maritime industry is undergoing a transformative shift as it strives to meet ambitious decarbonization targets set by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). These efforts are driven by the urgent need to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. FUELING THE FUTURE: Where we stand with alternatives The year 2024 marked significant progress in the adoption and exploration of alternative fuels and technologies, with numerous partnerships, projects, and regulatory advancements paving the way for a greener future. An overview of the key developments Wind-Assisted Propulsion Systems (WAPS) Wind propulsion technologies have gained considerable traction as an emissions reduction solution. In early 2024, the UK Department for Transport allocated £3.7 million to a wind propulsion project, underscoring the government’s commitment to transformative solutions. Anemoi received £2 million in funding from the Clean Maritime Demonstration Competition (CMDC) to assess Rotor Sails and also achieved Approval in Principle (AiP) from the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Key milestones in 2024 included: • Grain de Sail unveiled the world’s largest wind-powered containership in October. • Vale’s Very Large Ore Carrier (VLOC), Sohar Max, became the largest carrier equipped with wind propulsion technology in December. • Wallenius Marine advanced wind tunnel tests for the development of a wind-powered Pure Car and Truck Carrier (PCTC). • Norsepower opened the world’s first dedicated Rotor Sail factory in
SAFETY4SEA Log I February 2025 I ISSUE 100 I 39 safety4sea.com ART I CLE • Trials by the UK’s National Oceanography Centre using HVO on research ships. • Singapore’s emergence as a biofuel bunkering hub, with TotalEnergies conducting biofuel operations for various vessel types. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) LNG remains the most widely adopted alternative fuel, with over 350 LNG-fueled vessels ordered in 2024. Singapore recorded a significant rise in LNG bunkering volumes, reaching over 385,000 tonnes by October 2024. Similarly, LPG adoption expanded, driven by competitive pricing and mature infrastructure. However, the long-term viability of LNG and LPG depends on addressing methane slip and scaling renewable variants. VesselsValue’s Q4 2024 report highlighted a decline in demand for container ships and LNG/LPG carriers, signaling potential shifts in market dynamics. Scaling challenges and regulatory support Despite remarkable progress, the maritime industry faces significant challenges in scaling up alternative fuels. The Zero-Carbon Fuel Monitor identified supply chain uncertainties and infrastructure gaps as critical barriers. Investment in production capabilities, such as carbon capture for e-fuels and biomass-derived fuels, remains limited to isolated projects. Public intervention is essential to create stable, attractive markets for alternative fuels, particularly in regions with low credit ratings. Coordinated action across the value chain is needed to ensure readiness for early adopters and to accelerate investment in zero- or near-zero emission technologies. Moving forward Last year’s developments underscore the maritime industry’s determination to transition toward sustainability. Wind propulsion, methanol, ammonia, and nuclear power are reshaping the future of shipping, while hydrogen and biofuels hold immense potential for further innovation. However, realizing these opportunities requires concerted efforts to address regulatory, economic, and technical challenges. With the IMO’s 2030 target on the horizon, the coming years will be pivotal in shaping a decarbonized maritime sector. The industry’s green journey is well underway, but its ultimate success hinges on collaboration, innovation, and a shared commitment to a sustainable future. As LR highlighted: “The first four months alone, with the introduction of FuelEU Maritime in January and the anticipated finalisation of IMO mid-term measures in April, will make 2025 a defining year for industry’s voyage towards net-zero emissions”. • The establishment of the Nuclear Energy Maritime Organization (NEMO) by HD Hyundai Shipbuilding. • Research programs by the Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering (KRISO) to develop SMR-powered ships. • A joint development project for nuclear-powered vessel designs involving Lloyd’s Register and Zodiac Maritime. Hydrogen and Biofuels Hydrogen fuel is gaining momentum, supported by government and EU-funded initiatives. Twelve hydrogen-powered vessels were ordered in 2024, reflecting growing confidence in this clean energy source. Meanwhile, biofuels such as Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) and Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) saw increased testing and adoption. Noteworthy advancements include:
44 I SAFETY4SEA Log I February 2025 I ISSUE 100 safety4sea.com ART I CLE that the Ancient Greeks were the first to associate mental and physical health, as reflected in the famous saying, “A healthy mind in a healthy body.” Alexandra stressed that these two aspects are interdependent and influenced by environmental factors and circumstances. She proposed a comprehensive approach to mental health assessment, combining self-reporting tools, clinical diagnostics, and observational methods. Güven Kale added that effective mental health assessments include subjective self-reports, such as clinical interviews and standardized questionnaires like the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). These tools provide valuable insights into an individual’s mental state. However, she emphasized the need to view mental health as a spectrum, incorporating emotional, social, and cognitive factors. ASSESSING MENTAL HEALTH: age the ups and downs of life at sea and maintain mental health,” he emphasized, encouraging the panelists to define mental health and identify its key parameters. “When we talk about mental health, we often focus on positive dimensions, but it is, in fact, a holistic concept. It encompasses our current state of wellbeing and our ability to function effectively in life.”, said Dr. Pennie Blackburn. Caroline Jupe concurred, emphasizing that mental health is essentially about coping with the normal stresses of life. “Within the Search and Rescue community, we have seen examples where organizations embrace handbooks and implement toolkits”, she noted, underscoring the importance of having effective tools to assess mental health. Alexandra Kaloulis reiterated that mental health is part of a broader, interconnected framework. She noted The maritime industry is increasingly recognizing mental wellness as a critical factor for ensuring a happy and safe crew, experts agreed during a panel discussion at the 4th Crew Welfare Week. The panel discussion, moderated by Capt. VS Parani, Vice President Marine at Tufton Asset Management Ltd, provided valuable insights on the topic. Panelists included Dr. Pennie Blackburn, Director and Consultant Clinical Psychologist at Waypoint Maritime CiC; Caroline Jupe, CEO of the International Maritime Rescue Federation; Alexandra Kaloulis, Managing Director of I.M.E.Q. Center; and Güven Kale, Clinical Chief Officer at Mental Health Support Solutions. Defining mental health: Key parameters To begin the discussion, Capt. Parani stated that mental wellness involves maintaining a positive outlook, fostering strong interpersonal connections, managing stress effectively, and seeking support when needed to navigate the demands of life at sea. “We need skills, tools, and support to man-
SAFETY4SEA Log I February 2025 I ISSUE 100 I 45 safety4sea.com ART I CLE levels”, she said. She also noted a rise in reports of sexual harassment and bullying, adding, “People are now more open to speaking up about such issues as awareness grows”. Alexandra Kaloulis identified sleep deprivation, fatigue, and loneliness as the top three stressors for seafarers. Recent research by her organization revealed that younger seafarers are at greater risk for poor mental health, often exhibiting lower resilience levels. Additional risk factors include being single, poor physical health, exposure to noise and vibration, and non-compliance with established guidelines. These stressors can lead to poor sleep, reduced team cohesion, and other adverse effects. The role of effective leadership and company culture Dr. Blackburn highlighted a recent study by York University, which found Dr. Blackburn highlighted the widely accepted biopsychosocial model, explaining, “Mental health is influenced by a combination of biological factors (e.g., genetics, physical health, gut microbiome), psychological factors (e.g., coping strategies, beliefs, attitudes), and social factors (e.g., working conditions, social support networks, relationships). These aspects interact in complex ways, shaping our mental state”. Mental health challenges unique to seafarers Güven Kale highlighted the unique challenges seafarers face, such as isolation, prolonged periods away from family, limited recreational opportunities, and working in high-risk environments. She emphasized the importance of 24/7 hotlines to address these issues. “Many seafarers reach out to discuss family problems that arise while they’re away, increasing their anxiety that an uncaring company culture is the top factor affecting seafarers’ mental health. “Whether seafarers feel their company cares about them has a significant impact on their mental wellbeing”, she noted. Seafarers often face stressors related to interpersonal relationships, as they work and live in a multicultural environment that changes frequently, making it difficult to build strong bonds. Limited shore leave, uncertainty about voyage length, long working hours, and commercial pressures further exacerbate mental health challenges. The lack of quality leadership onboard ships is another critical issue. “The relationships and atmosphere onboard, shaped by the captain’s leadership, are crucial for the wellbeing and morale of the entire crew”, Dr. Blackburn concluded. By addressing these challenges and fostering a culture of care and leadership, the maritime industry can create healthier, more supportive environments for seafarers, ultimately improving their mental health and overall quality of life. Moving forward Addressing mental health in the maritime industry is not just about implementing isolated measures but fostering a culture of care, support, and understanding at all levels, all panelists agreed. With continued collaboration and investment in mental health initiatives, the maritime sector has the opportunity to lead by example in supporting the wellbeing of its workforce and ensuring safer, happier crews at sea. Explore more at https://tinyurl.com/48m79r7d
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