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SAFETY4SEA

Methane slip from LNG fueled engines

by Trakakis Antonis
November 30, 2018
in Emissions, Opinions
novatek siemens

Above image is used for illustration purposes only / Credit: Shutterstock

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Mr. Antonis Trakakis, Chief Technology Officer at Forward Ships, talks about methane slips from LNG fueled engines. Mr. Trakakis notes that these emissions are not inherent to the natural gas. The problem lies at the applied heat cycle, making the amount of methane slip depend on the technology of each engine.

The natural gas has the unique – compared to liquid fuel, capability to be supplied to engine in either high or low pressure. Depending on the supply pressure, engine runs on Diesel (high press) or Otto (low press) heat cycle.

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The two cycles have different combustion processes : the diffusion (heterogeneous) burning of Diesel practically ensures that no methane escapes unburned from the combustion chamber. Therefore the engines running on Diesel cycle enjoy the full benefit of CO2 reduction from the use of natural gas, and which is the order of 25% compared to ordinary heavy fuel oil.

And this is truly remarkable !

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The premixed (homogenous) principle of combustion in Otto cycle allows some fuel to escape at the exhaust. This is primarily during the gas exchange phase of the cycle, and from incomplete combustion at crevices in the combustion chamber and top piston area.

As a result, the methane slip (or more correct, Total Hydrocarbon (THC) Emissions) is Not a problem inherent to the natural gas, but is related to the applied heat cycle, and the amount of methane slip depends on the technology of each engine.

The Otto engines have covered a long distance in their development and today they are capable to demonstrate a very low THC emissions level, and all included (GWP100=28), succeed to offer a noticeable reduction in CO2 emissions of 10% for the 4 stroke engines, and a even higher for the 2 stroke.

In the past, the THC emissions of engines running on Otto cycle were quite higher. But the case of diesel engine is there to remind us that time is needed for reaching the admirable levels of engine performance and efficiency we enjoy today

For the Otto engines things happen much faster, and they can claim a 65% reduction in THC emissions in only 10 years, while the development still continues.

The future allows for catalysts that will essentially completely remove the THC emissions from the exhaust of an Otto engine, in a manner similar to Diesel engines which require a catalyst (or EGR) for reducing their NOx emissions to levels required by Tier III regulation.

In overall, today’s technology advancements ensure that no matter if we run on Diesel or Otto cycle, LNG can guarantee a very significant reduction of CO2 emissions.

By Antonis Trakakis, Chief Technology Officer, Forward Ships

The views expressed in this article are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of SAFETY4SEA and are for information sharing and discussion  purposes only.

Tags: NOxship engines
Trakakis Antonis

Trakakis Antonis

Antonis Trakakis is Technical Director, Marine at RINA. He graduated from the Mechanical Engineering Dept of National Technical University of Athens in 1989 and carried out graduate studies at von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics in the field of Turbomachinery. He started his career as Cadet Engineer in 1989 and continued in 1993 as 3rd Engineer. He worked as spare parts operator and Assistant Superintendent in ANEK Lines from 1994 to 1997 when he joined Superfast Ferries. He became Technical and Environmental Manager in 2000, and in 2006 he joined Kristen Marine and afterwards the newly established Soloi. In 2008 he moved to Hellenic Seaways and in 2010 joined Arista Shipping that was just entering in the bulk carrier sector. In October 2020 he joined RINA as Technical Director, Marine. Antonios has extensive experience with all regular and irregular matters involved with the technical operations of a shipping company, as well as with new building projects, sea trials and factory testing of engines. He has studied extensively the challenges and benefits associated with the application of natural gas as fuel.

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