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    New partnership aims to reduce the risks posed by dry bulk cargoes

    St. Lawrence Seaway resumes traffic as grounded vessel is refloated

    War risks insurance to be offered for vessels in the Black Sea

    War risks insurance to be offered for vessels in the Black Sea

    canada shipwreck

    Ghana imposes strict PSC and fines over MARPOL violations

    American club

    RMI: Failed bursting discs in carbon dioxide fire-extinguishing systems

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    thinking out of the box

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    Practicing gratitude can change your life

    Practicing gratitude can change your life

    Always do what your gut tells you: Keep it healthy

    Always do what your gut tells you: Keep it healthy

    Book Review: A role model for ship managers

    Book Review: How we perceive and deal with luck in life and business

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    aidaprima biofuel

    Russia removes ban on high-sulfer and bunker fuel exports

    QatarEnergy, HHI to construct 17 ultra-modern LNG carriers

    QatarEnergy, HHI to construct 17 ultra-modern LNG carriers

    ABS and Asiatic Lloyd Maritime LLP to explore methanol fuel system conversion

    ABS and Asiatic Lloyd Maritime LLP to explore methanol fuel system conversion

    powercell hydrogen fuel cell

    Two Swedish companies collaborate on hydrogen fuel use

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    Jotun Hellas pioneers vessel maintenance and safety with novel Aerial Drone Inspection Service

    Jotun Hellas pioneers vessel maintenance and safety with novel Aerial Drone Inspection Service

    IUMI explores the implications of digitalization on marine insurance

    IUMI explores the implications of digitalization on marine insurance

    UK-Singapore consortium achieves world’s first fully-digitalised shipment

    UK-Singapore consortium achieves world’s first fully-digitalised shipment

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    Port of Rotterdam and Yokogawa study ways to increase energy efficiency

    Irish forces found huge quantity of drugs on board ship

    Irish forces found huge quantity of drugs on board ship

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    Gard Club: Industry needs to mature and learn from incidents and human errors

    Gard Club: Industry needs to mature and learn from incidents and human errors

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    Tokyo MOU: Fire Safety is one of the most frequently detainable deficiencies

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    Seafarer Stories: Capt. Cristian Bacanu, Master

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SAFETY4SEA

IRENA: How the clean hydrogen trade could look like in 2050

by The Editorial Team
March 30, 2022
in Fuels
canada germany hydrogen

Credit: Shutterstock

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The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) published the World Energy Transitions Outlook 2022 report, noting that over 100 million tonnes of green hydrogen, and 50 million tonnes of blue H2, will be traded internationally each year by mid-century, through pipelines or ammonia ships.

As the report explains, clean hydrogen production will need to grow from negligible levels today to 614 million tonnes per year by 2050 in order to keep global heating to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.

Of this amount, two thirds would be produced from renewable energy, and the rest will be blue, coming from natural gas with carbon capture and storage.

What is more, in 2050, about a quarter of all the hydrogen produced could be traded internationally, thus amounting to more than 100 million tonnes of green hydrogen, and more than 50 million tonnes of blue. Half of these volumes would be traded via pipeline, with the other half transported by ammonia ships.

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Pure hydrogen is expected to be transported mainly using existing natural gas networks that are repurposed to carry hydrogen

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says the report, adding that the costs of transporting hydrogen through new pipelines would be twice as high, at $0.16-0.24/kg for every 1,000km, but it would still be lower than shipping options for distances of 3,000-5,000km.

As for longer distances or places without existing natural gas infrastructure, ammonia ships will be the most attractive option.

In addition, the report points the need to store liquid hydrogen at temperatures below minus 253°C, saying that the high equipment cost limit its application.

Moreover, according to IRENA, 80% of the ammonia shipped globally would be used as ammonia rather than converted back to hydrogen.

The most cost- and energy-intensive step is the reconversion back to hydrogen, which can be avoided by using the ammonia directly rather than as a hydrogen carrier

EXPLORE MORE AT THE WORLD ENERGY TRANSITIONS OUTLOOK

Tags: hydrogenIRENAreports
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