The Global Centre for Maritime Decarbonisation (GCMD) has successfully completed its final supply chain trial for biofuel blended with very low sulphur fuel oil (VLSFO).
This marks the end of a series of trials initiated in July 2022 as part of a larger pilot to develop a framework to provide quality, quantity and GHG abatement assurances for drop-in fuels.
This final trial saw the participation from:
- Hapag-Lloyd AG: For partnering with us on this final trial onboard TIHAMA, a 19,870 TEU container vessel. This final trial was our largest yet, involving the bunkering of 4,500 MT B30 blend of FAME and VLSFO. The consumption of this biofuel blend resulted in 27.9% emissions reduction compared to sailing on VLSFO.
- bp: For providing the B30 biofuel bend to the TIHAMA. The biofuel component comprised neat FAME produced from food waste and is certified to the International Sustainability & Carbon Certification (ISCC) standard.
- Authentix: GCMD collaborated with Authentix to develop and deploy a new organic-based tracer to authenticate the origin and verify the amount of FAME present in the blend. The proprietary tracer blended homogeneously with FAME and was detected at expected concentrations at all sampling points along the supply chain.
- VPS: VPS witnessed the operations at all stages, collected and conducted extensive laboratory tests on samples of the biofuel and biofuel blend collected at pre-determined points along the supply chain to assess quality per industry standards.
In this final trial, bp provided the B30 biofuel blend to the TIHAMA, a 19,870 twenty-foot equivalent unit (TEU) container vessel operated by Hapag-Lloyd.
The biofuel component used is certified to the International Sustainability & Carbon Certification (ISCC) standard – a multistakeholder certification scheme for biobased materials.
The biofuel component comprised neat Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) produced from food waste. Authentix, a tracer solutions provider, supplied and dosed the FAME with an organic-based tracer at the storage terminal outside the Netherlands. The dosed FAME was then transported to the Port of Rotterdam for blending with VLSFO to achieve a B30 blend, before the blend was bunkered onboard the TIHAMA. Similar to previous trials, GCMD engaged fuel testing company Veritas Petroleum Services (VPS) to witness the operations at all stages – from biofuel cargo transfer to bunkering. VPS also collected and conducted extensive laboratory tests on samples of the biofuel and biofuel blend collected at pre-determined points along the supply chain to assess quality per Standards EN 14214 and ISO 8217.
In July 2022, GCMD initiated a pilot to develop an assurance framework to guide the use of biofuels in shipping. This framework will safeguard key aspects of biofuels use, including:
- Traceability: A diverse range of tracer technologies, including synthetic DNA and element-based tracers, and tracing techniques were developed and deployed in these trials.
- Quantity: The pilot uses ISO and ASTM standards to quantify biofuel content in blends. Additionally, tracers were used to verify the expected concentrations of sourced biofuels throughout the supply chain by sampling and testing at designated sampling points.
- Quality: Chemical analyses indicate no degradation of FAME under commercial operations conditions.
- GHG emissions abatement: Using these biofuels have reduced GHG emissions by 24% on a tank-to-wake basis and 20.3% on a well-to-wake basis compared to using conventional fossil fuels across all four trials.
With well-to-wake emissions of 13.74 gCO2e/MJ, the neat FAME presented a 85.4% emissions reduction compared to the emissions of the fossil marine fuel. The reduced emissions complies with the MEPC 80, which requires a minimum emissions reduction of 65% in order for biofuels to be classified as sustainable.
GCMD and Hapag-Lloyd determined that consumption of the 4,500 MT B30 blend of FAME and VLSFO resulted in 27.9% emissions reduction compared to sailing on VLSFO.
A newly developed tracer deployed with this supply chain
GCMD collaborated with Authentix to develop and deploy a new organic-based tracer to authenticate the origin and verify the amount of FAME present in the blend. The proprietary tracer blended homogeneously with FAME and was detected at expected concentrations at all sampling points along the supply chain.
This trial marks the first deployment of this tracer in a marine fuel supply chain. Previously, similar tracers were used to authenticate and quantify biofuels in road transport and LPG supply chains.
Development of a comprehensive biofuels assurance framework underway
With the completion of this trial, GCMD has deployed a diverse range of tracer technologies, including synthetic DNA and element-based tracers, in addition to the organic-based tracer used in this trial. The trials have also included the development of a chemical fingerprinting methodology and the evaluation of lock-and-seal and automatic identification systems (AIS) as additional solutions to ensure the integrity of the biofuels supply chain.
Learnings on tracer limitations and benefits will be incorporated into a framework that recommends appropriate use to ensure consistent and robust performance. This effort will complement existing ISCC by providing additional supply chain assurance through physical traceability. The insights from these trials will be shared in a series of reports covering issues, such as traceability, biofuel degradation, supply chain optimisation and abatement costs. These findings will culminate in a comprehensive assurance framework to provide guidance on biofuels use, slated for release in the fourth quarter of 2024.
Over the past 18 months, GCMD has meticulously conducted these supply chain trials of biofuels use under business-as-usual conditions, collaborating with partners to test different tracing techniques. The aim is to remove adoption barriers and increase user confidence and uptake of biofuels by assuring users that they are getting value for the cost premium, mitigating fears of biofuels adulteration, and preventing fraud.
..said Professor Lynn Loo, CEO of GCMD.
The deployment of the new tracer technology is a good step forward in ensuring the integrity and authenticity of the biofuel supply chain. It enhances trust by verifying the origin of the biofuels. Hapag-Lloyd is dedicated to exploring innovative solutions to drive positive change within the industry.
..said Arne Maibohm, Director Sustainability at Hapag-Lloyd.
